Microchimerism           

Pregnancy results in the transfer of a low number of cells from the fetus to the mother (Dubernard et al., 2009). these cells can persist in maternal blood or tissue for decades ,creating a state of physiological microchimerism in the porous woman.(khosrotehrani et al., 2004).

   II

     Microchimerism result when two genetically disparate population of cells appear in the same tissue, organ or individual.(Leduc et al., 2012)

     Foetal microchimeric cells have been reported to contain progenitor cells.  (castela et al., 2017) including:

·         Lymphoid

·          hematopoietic

·         Mesenchymal

·         Cardiomyocyte

     Foetal cells nest in maternal bone marrow and remain well tolerated by the maternal immune system. (castela et al., 2017).

.     (Bianchi et al., 2004).

     Foetal The fetal cell microchimerism may be relatively common occurrence in women with both autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases.microchemeric cells are able to differentiate into:

·         Neurons

·         Hepatocytes

·         Endothelial cells

     Maternal skin recruits foetal microchimeric cells through Ccr2 signaling.( castela et al.,2017).

The Ccr2 ligand chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) enhance the recruitment of FMCs to maternal wound where these cells transdifferentiate into endothelial cells and stimulate angiogenesis. . (castela et al., 2017).

Microchimerism cells have both advantages and disadvantages on the pregnant women the question here is if we inhabit the production of these cells during pregnancy what will happens to the pregnant women? 

Castela, M; Nassar, D; Sbeih, M; Jachiet, M; Wang, Z; Aractingi, S. (2017).    Ccl2/Ccr2 signalling recruits a distinct fetalmicrochimeric population that rescues delayed maternal wound healing. Natural communication. 8:15463. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15463. 

   Philosophy of Education

There is much controversy concerning the use of constructive and behaviorist principles for teaching children in schools. Philosophies have analyzed theories and arguments by enhancing previous arguments in order to find the real truth concerning who is better idealism or realism.

This research will provide readers with some general knowledge of philosophies, basically we will talk about  realism.

Realism:

Like idealism realism is one of the oldest philosophies in Western culture and dates back to at least to ancient Greece (Kant, 1960). perhaps the most central thread of realism is what can be called the principle of thesis of independence. This thesis holds that reality, knowledge, and value exist independently of the human mind (Kant, 1960).

realism is any philosophical theory that emphasizes the existence of some kind of things or objects, in contrast to theories that dispense with the things in question in favor of words, ideas, or logical constructions (Heinaman, 1995). particular, the term stands for the theory that there is a reality quite independent of the mind.

Realists believe that the study of ideas can be enhanced by the study of material things. They believe that knowledge is power, and acquiring knowledge allows individuals to deal with problems and to face life effectively (Heinaman, 1995). If the mind is a blank slate, then knowledge comes from sources other than the mind, those things gained from sensation and reflection (Heinaman, 1995). Moreover, realists hold that the essence of things is objectively given in nature, and that our classifications are not arbitrary. As such, realism is contrasted with nominalism, the theory that universals are merely names or general terms (Heinaman, 1995).

Aristotle Realism: Aristotle believed that the world could be understood at a fundamental level through the detailed observation and cataloguing of phenomenon. That is, knowledge, which is what the word science means, is fundamentally empirical (Balkin, 1990).

Aristotle demonstrated that matter was constantly in a process of change. He believed that God, the Ultimate Reality held all creation together (Balkin, 1990). Organization was very important in Aristotle’s philosophy. It was his thought that human beings as rational creatures are fulfilling their purpose when they think and thinking are the highest characteristic.

Religious Realism: Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas tried to balance the philosophy of Aristotle with Christian ideas. He believed that truth was passed to humans by God through divine revelation, and that humans had the ability to seek out truth. Unlike Aristotle, Aquinas believed that the soul was not a biological entity, but an immortal creation from God (Balkin, 1990). Because of this the soul has an inner knowledge that can be used to guide individuals 
in life.
Balkin, J. M. (1990, JUNE ). Some Realism about Pluralism: Legal Realist. Duke Law  Journal, 1990:375. doi:: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers