AUTISM

Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first three years of life and is characterized by impairment in social and communication skills in addition to the presence of limited, stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Late onset autism is thought to be caused by excessive and extensive intake of antibiotics with an association with Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole antibiotic treatment. There is evidence that supports alterations of the fecal microbiota in patients with autism, with an increase in several subtypes of hakur. Treatment of these patients with vancomycin, an antibiotic that targets gram positive bacteria, can improve symptoms, and the relapse after completion of this treatment is thought to be due to Clostridium spores, so the treatment that targets these spores alleviates symptoms for longer periods.

Furthermore, alterations in the gut bacteria that increases the species Clostridia, Desulfovibrio, and Bacteroidetes, which produce large amounts of propionic acid (PPA) and other short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetate and butyrate, each of which are major metabolic products following fermentation of dietary carbohydrates and some amino acids by gut bacteria, may also participate the development of autism.

Thakur, A. K., Shakya, A., Husain, G. M., Emerald, M., & Kumar, V. Gut-Microbiota and Mental Health: Current and Future Perspectives. J Pharmacol, 2(1), 1016.